Hydrocarbon-oil burner.



0. W; BREWBAKER & G. 11. SHANKLIN.

HYDROGARBON OIL BURNER. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 7; 1909.

990,331. Patented Apr.25, 1911.

I 2 SHEETSBHEBT 1.

G. W BREWBAKER & G. R. SHANKLIN.

HYDROGARBON OIL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED Ava l/1909.

Patented Apr; 25, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W MW u nd tint sr CHARLES W. BREWBAKEE AND GEORGE R. SHANKLIN, OFPORTLAND, OREGON; SAID BREVJBAKER ASSIGNOR TO ELLA M. BREWBAKER, 0FPORTLAND, OREGON.

HYDROCARBON-OIL BURNER.

Application filed August 7, 1909.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Cnxnnss XV. BREW- BAKER and GEORGE R. SHANKLIN,citizens of the United States, and residents of Portland, in the countyof Multnomah and State of Oregon, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Hydrocarbon-Oil Burners, of which the following is aspecification, ref erence being had to the accompanying drawings,constituting a part thereof.

This invention has for its object to provide an oil burner which isespecially adapted to be installed in the fire box of an ordinarykitchen ran e; which is cheap in construction, and is so arranged as topromote perfect combustion of the oil gas, producing a blue non-smuttingflame, and keeping the burner and the interior of the fire box in cleancondition.

o attain our objectin the device com prising the features hereinafterfully described and illustrated in the drawings.

In the drawings: Figure l is a perspective view of a kitchen range witha portion of the front walls and top of the range around the fire boxbroken away, and showing our burner installed in such fire box, andconnected with the oil-supply pipe; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of ourburner by itself; Fig. 3 is a right end view of our burner, viewing thesame as shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4c is a sectional detail showing moreparticularly the gas orifice, an outlet end of the retort pipe, and themixing chamber suspended below such orifice; Fig. 5 is a transversesection taken directly in front of the mixing chamber; and Fig. 6 is aplan, on a smaller scale, of our device.

The retort of our burner consists of a horizontally arranged U-shapedpipe, the parallel members of which are spaced apart. This retort isinexpensively made by two pieces of pipe a, 0, connected by a returnbend (Z. In this retort of our burner the oil is converted into gas. Theinlet end t of the retort is connected with an oil feed pipe 7),controlled by a valve to, and the outlet end an is provided with a risere, from which extends a horizontal pipe f to a point approximatelycentral above the retort. The horizontal pipe extension f is preferablyprovided with an annular enlargement or collar g to provide a shoulderagainst which to position the mixing chamber h, which is suspended fromthe extremity of the pipe ex- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 25, 1911.

Serial No. 511,815.

tension The bottom of the pipe extension f is provided with a dischargeorifice 7a, and the outer end of the pipe extension is closed by a plug2'.

The mixing chamber consists of a hollow body, preferably cylindrical,the upper end or top 7' of which is made with bifurcated portions andprovided with alined perforations, through which the outer end of theextension f is inserted. The mixing chamber h is suspended centrallyunder the discharge orifice 7c of the pipe extension 7'. The mixingchamber is provided with a bottom discharge orifice Z and air apertures,m, in its side walls. A single aperture, as m, would answer, but weprefer a series of apertures located equi distant from each other so asto draw air into the mixing chamber all around the nipple n. The mixingchamber is further provided with a horizontal partition suspending acentrally p0- sitioned pendent nipple a, the bottom or discharge end ofwhich extends below the air apertures m. The nipple a may be an integralpart of the mixing chamber 72 but since such nipple is the part which isapt to wear out first, we prefer to make the same renewable, and to thisend prefer to construct the mixing chamber and nipple as illustrated inFig. 4. That is to say, the mixing chamber is provided near the top witha bevel-faced interior flange 0, and the nipple is a casting providedwith a correspondingly bevel-faced exterior flange at the top, so thatthe interior flange 0 and the flange at the top of the nipple n will,when the parts are arranged as shown, constitute a horizontal artitionor closure. The purpose of the closure is to cause the gas, dischargedfrom the orifice 7c of the pipe f while passing through the nipple n, todraw in and become mixed with air admitted through the space within thebifurcated topportion, j, of the mixing chamber. The intermixture soobtained is a primary intermixture, and this is next subject to a secondintermixture with the air drawn in through the air apertures m of themixing chamber 71, before the resulting gas mixture is dischargedthrough the outlet Z of the mixing chamber.

In starting our burner a small quantity of oil is allowed to drip in thespreader plate 39, so as to heat the two members of the retort pipe.WVhen the gas-generating process has been started, the operation of ourb urner will be as follows: The gas issuing out of the orifice 7a of theretort pipe in passing through the nipple n, to the discharge opening,Z, in the bottom of the mixing chamber it, expands in the mixing chamber71, and draws in more air through the wall apertures m, and thus afurther intermixture is obtained which is discharged from the mixingchamber it upon the dish-like spreader pan p The retort pipe members, a,0, are located approximately an inch above the top or rim of thespreader pan p.

It is to be noted that the intermixture of gases discharged from thebottom of the mixing chamber it has an unrestricted flow. After ignitionsuch gases impinge upon the bottom of the spreader-pan 79 and arecaused, by the sloping sides of the latter, to spread radially over theentire surface of the spreader, and since the openings between theretort members, a, 0, and the rim of the sloping sides of thespreader-pan provide only a limited escape for the burning gases, thegreater portion of such gases are forced to seek an outlet at the endsof the spreaderpan, with the effect that the resultant flame iselongated lengthwise of the fire box. Furthermore, the burning gases, inbeing thus spread over the entire surface of the spreader-pan, suck inand intermix with more air, as indicated by the arrows, q, q, and inthis wise is produced a gas mixture which will burn with an intenselyhot flame along the entire length of, and envelop, the retort pipemembers, a, 0, above the spreader pan 27. As further apparent from theillustration, the gasifying of the oil begins at the inlet of the retortpipe-member a, and the gas travels thence the distance of the wholelengths of the retort pipe members to the outlet end thereof, which inpractice will equal approximately a length of forty inches for the sizeof our burners used in the ordinary kitchen range. The retortpipemembers, a, 0, become highly heated and likewise the gas passingthere-through, rendering the latter very light and in a conditionsuitable for an instantaneous and effective intermixture therewith ofatmospheric air. In this connection, it is of course to be borne in mindthat in referring to atmospheric air we refer to the air which has beendrawn through draft openings of the range into the fire box in which ourburner is located, and thus the air has itself become heated to a veryhigh degree, and is in a proper state for an effective intermixture withthe intensely heated gas, and promotes the result described. By reasonof the described features of our burner, the flame resulting from thegases ignited inthe spreader pan 79 is of the proper bluish color,having no white fringe of unburned carbon whatsoever, and the process ofcombustion is carried on in the most economic and efiective manner.

In the practical use of our burner, we have found that we caneffectively use the socalled stove oil or distillate of thirty-fourdegrees gravity, and of course other grades of distillate of lightergravity.

It is to be noted that in order to obtain a perfectly burnableintermixture of gas and air, it is necessary to provide means foraccomplishing and facilitating such intermixture during the interval thegas is discharged from the discharge orifice 7c of the retort pipe, andafter its primary and secondary intermixture, as above described, isfinally impinged upon the spreader pan 7?, which is heated to a highdegree. To accomplish this end we provide ample space under the orifice7c of the retort pipe and the top of the nipple a, so as to cause apartial intermixture of gas and air at this point. Next, as the gasdischarges through the nipple a into the mixing chamber h, by reason ofthe larger area of the latter, there is an expansion of the intermixedgases and the same are thus placed in suitable condition for a furtherintermixture with an additional volume of air drawn in through theapertures m of the mixing chamber 71-.

The spreader pan 7) is removably suspended from the members of theretort pipe by means of hangers 1", provided at their top with a crosspiece adapted to rest on the members of the retort pipe, and at thebottom with a shorter cross piece adapted to be inserted between thelugs s, projecting from the ends of the spreader pan.

To the inlet end, t, of the retort pipe is connected the discharge endof the oil supply-pipe I), which, in practice, is connected with apressure tank. The pipe 7) is of the kind commonly termed wire pipe. Thevalve 11. controls a short branch 7) leading off from the oil feed pipeZ) and through which a small quantity of oil is injected into thespreader pan 79 when our pan is to be started. After having beenestartedthe valve to is opened to the degree required to supply a properquantity of oil for operating our burner. These features aresubstantially like-- others of the same character employed in otherburners, and therefore do not require more particular description.

At the outlet end, 00, of the retort pipe is inserted a threaded pin, y,for the purpose of supporting our burner in the fire box. The pin y maybe made of a short piece of pipe extending through a hole therefor madein the door of the fire box of the range or stove; and the oil supplypipe also extends through a hole therefor made in said door of the firebox.

The outlet end, or bottom opening, of the mixing chamber is contracted,so as to cause the gases to rush there-through with increased speed, andthereby promote the further intermixture thereof with air, upon issuingfrom the mixing chamber.

lVe claim:

1. In a hydrocarbon burner the combination of a retort consisting of ahorizontally arranged U-shaped pipe, the parallel members thereof beingspaced apart; a riser from said retort, a horizontal pipe-extension fromsuch riser to approximately the center of the retort, the outer end ofsuch pipe-extension being closed and having a bottom discharge orificelocated centrally above the retort; a mixing chamber suspended from saidhori zontal pipe-extension of the retort and under the discharge orificeof said pipe-extension, said mixing chamber comprising a 1101- low bodyopen at the bottom and provided with air apertures, one or more, in itssides; and a nipple of smaller cross section than the mixing chambersuspended centrally within the mixing chamber; the lower end of saidnipple extending below the air apertures in the sides of the mixingchamber; and the parts being arranged to position the inlet end of thenipple below the orifice of the horizontal pipeextension of the retort.

2. In a hydrocarbon burner the combination of a retort consisting of ahorizontally arranged U-shaped pipe, the parallel mem bers thereof beingspaced apart; a riser from said retort; a horizontal pipe-extension fromsuch riser to approximately the center of the retort, the outer end ofsuch pipe-extension being closed and having a bottom discharge orificelocated centrally above the retort; a mixing chamber suspended from saidhorizontal pipe extension of the retort and un der the discharge orificeof said pipe-extension, said mixing chamber comprising a hollow bodyopen at the bottom and provided with air apertures, one or more, in itssides; and a nipple of smaller cross section than the mixing chamberremovably suspended centrally within the mixing chamber; the lower endof said nipple extending below the air apertures in the sides of themixing chamber; and the parts being arranged to posi tion the inlet endof the nipple below the orifice of the horizontal pipe-extension of theretort.

3. In a hydrocarbon burner the combination of a retort consisting of ahorizontally arranged U-shaped pipe, the parallel members thereof beingspaced apart; a riser from said retort; a horizontal pipe-extension fromsuch riser to approximately the center of the retort, the outer end ofsuch pipe-extension being closed and having a bottom discharge orificelocated centrally above the retort; a mixing chamber suspended from saidhorizontal pipe-extension of the retort and under the discharge orificeof said pipe-extension, said mixing chamber comprising a hollow bodyopen at the bottom and provided with air apertures, one or more, in itssides; a nipple of smaller cross section than the mixing chambersuspended centrally within the mixing chamber; the parts being arrangedto position the inlet end of the nipple below the orifice of thehorizontal pipe-extension of the retort; and a dish-like spreadersuspended lengthwise under, spaced'from and below the parallel membersof the retort.

In a hydrocarbon burner the combination of a retort consisting of ahorizontally rranged U-shaped pipe, the parallel members thereof beingspaced apart; a riser from said retort; a horizontal pipe-extension fromsuch riser to approximately the center of the retort, the outer end ofsuch pipe-extension,

being closed and having a bottom discharge orifice located centrallyabove the retort; a mixing chamber suspended from said hori zontalpipe-extension of the retort and under the discharge orifice of saidpipe-exten sion, said mixing chamber comprising a hollow body open atthe bottom and provided with air apertures, one or more, in its sides; anipple of smaller cross section than the mixing chamber removablysuspended centrally within the mixing chamber; the lower end of saidnipple extending below the air apertures in the sides of the mixing chamher; the parts being arranged to position the inlet end of the nipplebelow the orifice of the horizontal pipe-extension of the retort; and adish-like spreader suspended lengthwise under, spaced from and below theparallel members of the retort.

5. In a hydrocarbon burner the combination of a retort consisting of ahorizontally arranged U-sha-ped pipe, the parallel members thereof beingspaced apart; a riser from said retort; a horizontal pipe-extension fromsuch riser to approximately the center of the retort, the outer end ofsuch pipe-extension being closed and having a bottom discharge orificelocated centrally above the retort; a mixing chamber suspended from saidhori zontal pipe-extension of the retort and under the discharge orificeof said pipe-extension, said mixing chamber comprising a hollow bodyopen at the bottom and provided with air apertures, one or more, in itssides; said mixing chamber being provided with perpendicular members atits top and by which it is suspended from said horizontal pipe-extensionand spaced therefrom; a nipple of smaller cross section than the mixingchamber suspended centrally within the mix ing chamber; the lower end ofsaid nipple extending below the air apertures in the sides of the mixingchamber: the parts being arranged to position the inlet end of thenipple below the orifice of the horizontal pipe-extension of the retort;and a dish-like spreader suspended lengthwise under, spaced from andbelow the parallel members of the retort.

6. In a hydrocarbon burner the combina tion of a retort consisting of ahorizontally arranged U-shaped pipe, the parallel members thereof beingspaced apart; a riser from said retort; a horizontal pipe-extension fromsuch riser to approximately the center of the retort, the outer end ofsuch pipe-extension being closed and having a bottom discharge orificelocated centrally above the retort; a mixing chamber suspended from saidhorizontal pipe-extension of the retort and un der the discharge orificeof said pipe-extension, said mixing chamber comprising a hollow bodyopen at the bottom and provided with air apertures, one or more, in itssides; said mixing chamber being provided with perpendicular members atits top and by which it is suspended from said horizontal pipe-extensionand spaced therefrom; a

horizontal centrally apertured partition near the top of the mixingchamber; a nipple of smaller cross section than the mixing chambersuspended from such partition, centrally within the mixing chamber; thelower end of said nipple extending below the air apertures in the sidesof the mixing chamber; the parts being arranged to position the inletend of the nipple below the orifice of the horizontal pi )e-extensi0n ofthe retort; and a dish-like spreader suspended lengthwise under spacedfrom and below the parallel members of the retort.

CHAS. WV. BREWBAKER. GEORGE R. SHANKLIN.

Witnesses CECIL LONG, JOHN SPERB.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents- Washington, D. C.

